Publications


Introduction

The documents contained in these directories are included by the contributing authors as a means to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work on a non- commercial basis. Copyright and all rights therein are maintained by the authors or by other copyright holders, notwithstanding that they have offered their works here electronically. It is understood that all persons copying this information will adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. These works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.

Digital Copyrights


Publications

Ludvig, E.A., Madan, C.R & Spetch, M.L. (in press). Extreme Outcomes Sway Risky Decisions from Experience. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making.

Lubyk, D.M., Spetch, M.L., Zhou, R., Pisklak J. & Mou, W. (in press). Reorientation in diamond-shaped environments: Encoding of features and angles in enclosures versus arrays by adult humans and pigeons (Columbia livia). Accepted by Animal Cognition, January 2013.

Mou, W., & Spetch, M. L. (2012). Object location memory: Integration and competition between multiple context objects but not between observers’ body and context objects. Cognition, 126, pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.09.018.

Nankoo, J. F., Madan, C. R., Spetch, M. L., & Wylie, D. R. (2012). Perception of dynamic Glass patterns. Vision Research, 75,55–62,pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2012.09.008.

Legge ELG, Spetch ML, Cenkner A, Bulitko V, Anderson C, et al. (2012) Not All Locations Are Created Equal: Exploring How Adults Hide and Search for Objects. PLoS ONE 7(5): e36993. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036993.

Lubyk, D. & Spetch, M.L. (2012). Finding the Best Angle: Pigeons (Columba livia) Weight Angular Information More Heavily than Relative Wall Length in an Open-Field Geometry Task. Animal Cognition, 15: 305-312.

Lubyk, D.M., Dupuis, B., Gutiérrez, L., & Spetch, M.L. (2012). Geometric orientation by humans: angles weigh in. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 19: 436-442 doi:10.3758/s13423-012-0232-z.

Madan, C.R. & Spetch, M.L. (2012). Is the enhancement of memory due to reward driven by value or salience? Acta Psychologica, 139 (2), 343–349

Ludvig, E.A. & Spetch, M.L. (2011). Of black swans and tossed coins:  Is the description-experience gap in risky choice limited to rare events? PlosOne. pdf http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0020262

Marsh, H.L., Spetch, M.L. & MacDonald, S.E.  (2011) Strategies in landmark use by orangutans and human children.  Animal Cognition, 14, 487-502. DOI: 10.1007/s10071-011-0382-9

Ludvig, E. A., Balci, F. & Spetch, M.L. (2011) Reward Magnitude and Timing in Pigeons.  Behavioural Processes, .86, 359-363.  doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2011.01.003

Batty, E. R., Spetch, M.L. & Parent, M.B. (2010). Proximity to an edge affects search strategy in adults and children. Behavioural Processes.  85, 265-277. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2010.07.015 

Legge, E.L., Spetch, M.L., & Cheng, K. (2010). Not using the obvious: desert ants, Melophorus bagoti, learn local vectors but not beacons in an arena. Animal Cognition, 13, 849-860.

Spetch, M. L. (2010). Understanding how pictures are seen is important for comparative visual cognition. Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews, 5, 163-166. http://psyc.queensu.ca/ccbr/index.html

Weisman, R. G., Spetch, M. L. (2010). Determining When Birds Perceive Correspondence Between Pictures and Objects: A Critique. Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews, 5, 117-131. http://psyc.queensu.ca/ccbr/index.html

Dawson, M.R.W., Kelly, D.M, Spetch, M.L & Dupuis, B. (2010). Using perceptrons to explore the reorientation task. Cognition, 114, 207–226.
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Spetch, M.L., Friedman, A., Bialowas, J. & Verbeek, E. (2010).  Contributions of category- and fine-grained information to location memory:  When categories don’t weigh in. Memory & Cognition, 38, 154-162; doi:10.3758/MC.38.2.154 (View PDF)

Friedman, A., Vuong, Q.C., & Spetch, M.L. (2010). Facilitation by view combination and coherent motion in dynamic object recognition. Vision Research, 50, 202-210. (Request a PDF)

Batty, E. R., Hoban, L., Spetch, M. L. & Dickson, C. T. (2009). Rats’ use of geometric, featural and orientation cues to locate a hidden goal. Behavioural Processes, 82, 327-334. (Request a PDF)

Dawson, M.R.W., Dupuis, B., Spetch, M.L., & Kelly, D.M. (2009). Simple artificial neural networks that match, exploit, and explore when confronting a multiarmed bandit. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 20, 1368-1371.
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Batty, E. R., Bloomfield, L. L., Spetch, M. L. & Sturdy, C. B. (2009). Comparing black-capped (Poecile atricapillus) and mountain chickadees (Poecile gambeli): use of geometric and featural information in a spatial orientation task.  Animal Cognition, 12,633-641.
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Legge, E. L., & Spetch, M. L. (2009). The differential outcomes effect (DOE) in spatial localization: An investigation with adults. Learning and Motivation. 40, 313-328.
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Friedman, A., Voung, Q.C. & Spetch, M.L. (2009). View combination in moving objects: The role of motion in discriminating between novel views of similar and distinctive objects by humans and pigeons. Vision Research, 49, 594-607.
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Talbot, K.J., Legge, E.L.G., Bulitko, V. & Spetch, M.L. (2009). Hiding and searching strategies of adult humans 3 in a virtual and a real-space room. Learning and Motivation, 40, 221-233.
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Legge, E.L.G., Spetch, M.L. & Batty, E. R. (2009). Pigeons’ (Columba livia) hierarchical organization of local and global cues in touch screen tasks. Behavioural Processes. 80, 128-139.
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Dawson, M.R.W., Kelly, D.M., Spetch, M.L. & Dupuis, B. (2008) Learning about Environmental Geometry: A Flaw in Miller and Shettleworth’s (2007) Operant Model. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Animal Behavior Process. 34, 415-418.
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Verbeek, E.L. & Spetch, M.L. (2008). Distortions in location memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 15, 328-336.
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David Thue, Vadim Bulitko, Marcia Spetch. 2008. Making Stories Player-Specific: Delayed Authoring in Interactive Storytelling. The First Joint International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling (ICIDS '08). pp. 230-241. Erfurt, Germany. November 26, 2008.
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David Thue, Vadim Bulitko, Marcia Spetch. 2008. PaSSAGE: A Demonstration of Player Modelling in Interactive Storytelling. The Fourth Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment. pp. 226-227. AAAI Press. Palo Alto, California, USA. October 22, 2008.
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David Thue, Vadim Bulitko, Marcia Spetch. 2008. Player Modeling for Interactive Storytelling: A Practical Approach. AI Game Programming Wisdom. IV: 633-646. Charles River Media. Boston, MA.
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David Thue, Vadim Bulitko, Marcia Spetch, Eric Wasylishen. 2007. Learning Player Preferences to Inform Delayed Authoring. Papers from the AAAI Fall Symposium on Intelligent Narrative Technologies. FS-07-05: 158-161. AAAI Press. Arlington, Virginia. November 9, 2007.
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Twyman, A. Friedman, A. & Spetch, M.L. (2007) Penetrating the Geometric Module: Catalyzing Children's Use of Landmarks. Developmental Psychology, 43, 1523-1530.
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Thue, D., V Bulitko, ML Spetch and E Wasylishen. "Interactive Storytelling: A Player Modelling Approach." In Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment conference (AIIDE), 43- 48, Stanford, California. June 2007.
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Brown, A.A., Spetch, M.L. & Hurd, P.L. (2007). Growing in circles: Rearing environment alters spatial navigation in fish. Psychological Science, 18, 569-573.
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Spetch, M.L. & Parent, M.B. (2006). Age and sex differences in children’s spatial search strategies. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 807-812.
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Spetch, M.L., Friedman, A., & Vuong, Q.C. (2006). Dynamic object recognition in pigeons and humans. Learning & Behavior, 34, 215-228.
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Verbeek, E.L., Spetch, M.L., Cheng, K. & Clifford, C.W.G. (2006). Determinants of range effects in face recognition. Learning & Behavior, 34, 229-240.
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Spetch, M. L, & Friedman, A. (2006). Pigeons see correspondence between objects and their pictures. Psychological Science, 17, 966-972.
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Gray, E.R. & Spetch, M.L. (2006). Pigeons encode absolute distance but relational direction from landmarks and walls. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 32, 474-480.
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Spetch, M. L. & Friedman, A. (2006). Comparative cognition of object recognition. Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews.1, 12-35. http://www.comparativecognition.org.
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Cheng, K., Spetch, M.L., Kelly, D.M. & Bingman, V.P. (2006). Small-scale spatial cognition in pigeons. Behavioural Processes, 72, 115-127.
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Spetch, M.L. & Kelly, D.M. (2006. Comparative spatial cognition: Processes in landmark and surface-based place finding. In E. Wasserman and T. Zentall (Eds) Comparative Cognition: Experimental Explorations of Animal Intelligence, Oxford University Press, pp. 210-228.
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Gray, E.R., Bloomfield, L.L., Ferrey, A., Spetch, M.L., Sturdy, C.B. (2005). Spatial Encoding in Mountain Chickadees: Features Overshadow Geometry, Biology Letters, 1, 314-317.
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Friedman, A., Spetch, M.L., & Ferrey, A. (2005). Recognition by Humans and Pigeons of Novel Views of 3-D Objects and Their Photographs. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134,149-162.
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Dawson, M.R.W. & Spetch, M.L. (2005). Traditional perceptrons do not produce the overexpectation effect. Neural Information Processing - Letters and Reviews. 7, 11-17.
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Yaremchuk, V., Willson, L. Spetch, M. & Dawson, M. (2005). The Implications of Null Patterns and Output Activation Functions On Simulation Studies Of Learning: A Case Study Of Patterning. Learning & Motivation, 36, 88-103.
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Nguyen, A.P., Spetch, M.L., Crowder, N,A., Winship, I.R., Hurd P.L., & Wylie, D.R.W. (2004). A Dissociation of Motion and Spatial-Pattern Vision in the Avian Telencephalon: Implications for the Evolution of “Visual Streams”. Journal of Neuroscience, 24(21). 4962-4970.
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MacDonald, S., Spetch. M.L., Kelly, D.M., & Cheng, K. (2004) Strategies in landmark use by children, adults and marmoset monkeys. Learning and Motivation, 35, 322-347.
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Kelly, D.M. & Spetch, M.L. (2004). Reorientation in a two-dimensional environment II: Do pigeons encode the featural and geometric properties of a two-dimensional schematic of a room? Journal of Comparative Psychology, 384-395.
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Spetch, M.L., Cheng,K. & Clifford, C.W.G. (2004). Peak shift but not range effects in recognition of faces. Learning and Motivation, 35, 221-241.
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Kelly, D.M. & Spetch, M.L. (2004). Reorientation in a two-dimensional environment I: Do adults encode the featural and geometric properties of a two-dimensional schematic of a room? Journal of Comparative Psychology.118, 82-94.
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Gray, E.R., Spetch, M.L., Kelly, D.M., & Nguyen, A. (2004). “Searching in the center: pigeons encode relative distances from walls of an enclosure”. Journal of Comparative Psychology. 118, 113-117.
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Spetch, M.L., Rust, T.B. , Kamil, A.C. & Jones, J.E. (2003). Searching by Rules: Pigeons= landmark-based search according to constant bearing or constant distance. Journal of Comparative Psychology. 117, 123-132.
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Spetch, M.L. & Friedman, A. (2003). Recognizing rotated views of objects: interpolation versus generalization by humans and pigeons. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. 10, 135-140.
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Friedman, A., Spetch, M.L. & Lank, I. (2003). An automated apparatus for presenting depth-rotated three-dimensional objects for use in human and animal object recognition research, Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 35, 343-349.
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Cheng, K. & Spetch, M.L. (2002). Spatial generalization and peak shift in humans. Learning and Motivation, 33, 358-389.
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Cheng, K. & Spetch, M.L. (2001). Landmark based spatial memory in pigeons. In (R. Cook, Ed). Avian Visual Cognition. Comparative Cognition Society. http://www.pigeon.psy.tufts.edu/avc/cheng
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Kelly, D.M. & Spetch, M.L. (2001). Pigeons encode relative geometry. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 27, 417-422.
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Kelly, D.M., Bischof, W.F., Wong-Wylie, D.R., & Spetch, M.L. (2001) Detection of Glass Patterns by Pigeons and Humans: Implications for Differences in Higher Level Processing. Psychological Science, 12, 338-342.
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Spetch, M.L, Friedman, A, & Reid, S.. (2001) The Effect of Distinctive Parts on Recognition of Depth-Rotated Objects by Pigeons and Humans. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 218-225. (Request a PDF)

Cheng, K. & Spetch, M.L. (2001). Blocking in landmark-based search in honeybees. Animal Learning & Behavior, 29, 1-9.
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Spetch, M.L., Kelly, D.M. & Reid, S. (2000). Recognition of objects and spatial relations in pictures across changes in viewpoint. In J. Fagot (Ed.), Picture Perception in Animals. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press, pp. 107-141.
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Kelly, R, & Spetch, M.L. (2000). Choice biases in delayed matching-to-sample duration with pigeons: Manipulations of ITI and delay illumination. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55B, 309-323. (Request a PDF)

Spetch, M.L., Kelly, D.M. & Reid, S. (1999). Recognition of objects and spatial relations in pictures across changes in viewpoint. Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive/ Current Psychology of Cognition, 18, 729-764. (Request a PDF)

Bischof, W.F., Reid, S.L., Wylie, D.R.W., & Spetch, M.L. (1999). Perception of coherent motion in random dot displays by pigeons and humans, Perception & Psychophysics, 61. 1089-1101.
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Kelly, R., Spetch, M.L. & Grant, D.S. (1999) Influence of nonmemorial factors on manifestation of short-sample biases in choice and successive matching-to-duration tasks with pigeons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes., 25, 297-307.
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Cheng, K. & Spetch, M.L. (1998). Mechanisms of landmark use in mammals and birds. In S. Healy (Ed.). Spatial Representation in Animals, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1-17.
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Kelly, D.M., Spetch, M.L. & Heth, C.D. (1998). Pigeons's encoding of geometric and featural properties of a spatial environment. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 112, 259 269.
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Reid, S. & Spetch, M.L. (1998). Perception of Pictorial Depth Cues by Pigeons. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 5, 698 704.
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Spetch, M.L. & Cheng, K. (1998). A step function in pigeons's temporal generalization in the peak shift task. Animal Learning & Behavior, 26, 103-118.
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Spetch, M.L., Kelly, D.M., & Lechelt, D.P. (1998). Encoding of spatial information in images of an outdoor scene by pigeons and humans. Animal Learning & Behavior, 26, 85-102.
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Grant, D.S., Spetch, M.L., & Kelly, R. (1997). Pigeons's coding of event duration in delayed matching-to-sample. In C.M. Bradshaw & E. Szabadi (Eds.), Advances in Psychology (Vol 120): Time and Behavior: Psychological and Neuro-behavioral Analyses. Amsterdam: Elsevier/ North Holland, pp. 217-264.
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McDevitt, M.A., Spetch, M.L., & Dunn, R. (1997) Contiguity and Conditioned Reinforcement in Probabilistic Choice. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. 68, 317-327.
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Lechelt, D.P. & Spetch, M.L. (1997). Pigeons’ use of landmarks for spatial search in a laboratory arena and in digitized images of the arena. Learning and Motivation, 28, 424-445.
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Cheng, K., Spetch, M.L., & Johnston, M. (1997). Spatial peak shift and generalization in pigeons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 23, 469-481.
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Spetch, M.L., Cheng, K., MacDonald, S.E., Linkenhoker, B. A., Kelly, D.M., & Doerkson, S.R. (1997). Use of landmark configuration in pigeons and humans: II. Generality across search tasks. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 111. 14-24.
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Spetch, M.L., Cheng, K., & MacDonald, S.E. (1996). Learning the configuration of a landmark array, I: Touch screen studies with pigeons and humans. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 110, 55-68.
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Spetch, M.L., Grant, D.S., & Kelly, R. (1996). Procedural determinants of coding processes in pigeons' memory for duration. Learning and Motivation, 27, 179-199.
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Cheng, K., Spetch, M.L., & Miceli, P. (1996). Averaging temporal duration and spatial position. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 22, 175-182.
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Spetch, M.L. (1995). Overshadowing in landmark learning: Touch-screen studies with pigeons and humans. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 21, 166-181.
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Cheng, K. & Spetch, M.L. (1995). Stimulus control in the use of landmarks by pigeons in a touch-screen task. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 63, 187-201.
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Belke, T.W., & Spetch, M.L. (1994). Choice between reliable and unreliable reinforcement alternatives revisited: Preference for unreliable reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 62, 353-366.
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Spetch, M.L. & Wilkie, D.M. (1994). Pigeons' use of landmarks presented in digitized images. Learning and Motivation, 25, 245-275.
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Grant, D.S. & Spetch, M.L. (1994). The role of asymmetrical coding of duration samples in producing the choose-short effect in pigeons. Learning and Motivation, 25, 413-430.
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Spetch, M.L., Mondloch, M.V., Belke, T., & Dunn, R. (1994). Determinants of pigeons' choice between certain and probabilistic outcomes. Animal Learning and Behavior, 22, 239-251.
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Grant, D.S. & Spetch, M.L. (1994). Mediated transfer testing provides evidence for common coding of duration and line samples in many-to-one matching in pigeons. Animal Learning & Behavior, 22, 84-89. (Request a PDF)

Spetch, M.L. & Mondloch, M.V. (1993). Control of pigeons' spatial search by graphic landmarks in a touch-screen task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 19, 353-372.
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Grant, D.S. & Spetch, M.L. (1993). Memory for duration in pigeons: Dissociation of choose-short and temporal-summation effects. Animal Learning & Behavior, 21, 384-390.
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Spetch, M.L. & Grant, D.S. (1993). Pigeons' memory for event duration in choice and successive matching-to-sample tasks. Learning and Motivation, 24, 156-174.
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Grant, D.S., & Spetch, M.L. (1993). Analogical and nonanalogical coding of samples differing in duration in a choice-matching task in pigeons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 19, 15-25.
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Spetch, M.L. & Rusak, B. (1992). "Time Present and Time Past." In W.K. Honig and G. Fetterman (Eds.). Cognitive Aspects of Stimulus Control. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 47-68.
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Spetch, M.L., Cheng, K., & Mondloch, M. (1992). Landmark use by pigeons in a touch-screen spatial search task. Animal Learning & Behavior, 20, 281-292.
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Spetch, M.L. & Rusak, B. (1992). Temporal context effects in pigeons' memory for event duration. Learning and Motivation, 23, 117-144.
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Grant, D.S. & Spetch, M.L. (1991). Pigeons' memory for event duration: Differences between choice and successive matching tasks. Learning and Motivation, 22, 180-199.
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Spetch, M.L., Moore, B.R., & Madden, R.C. (1990). Are navigational errors by homing pigeons near Jersey Hill/Hornell, N.Y. due to misleading olfactory information? Animal Behaviour, 40, 402-404.
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Spetch, M.L. (1990). Further studies of pigeons' spatial working memory in the open-field task. Animal Learning & Behavior, 18, 332-340.
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Spetch, M.L., Belke, T.W., Barnet, R.C., Dunn, R., & Pierce, W.D. (1990). Suboptimal choice in a percentage reinforcement procedure: Effects of signal condition and terminal link length. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 53, 219-234.
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Dunn, R. & Spetch, M.L. (1990). Choice with uncertain outcomes: Conditioned reinforcement effects. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 53, 201-218.
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Spetch, M.L, Sinha, S.S. (1989). Proactive effects in pigeons' memory for event duration: Evidence for analogical retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 15, 347-357. (Request a PDF)

Spetch, M.L. & Rusak, B. (1989). Pigeons' memory for event duration: Intertrial interval and delay effects. Animal Learning & Behavior, 17, 147 156.
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Spetch, M.L. & Honig, W.K. (1988). Characteristics of pigeons' spatial working memory in an open field task. Animal Learning & Behavior, 16, 123 131.
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Spetch, M.L. & Edwards, C.A. (1988). Pigeons' (Columba livia) use of global and local cues for spatial memory. Animal Behaviour, 36, 293 296.
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Spetch, M.L. (1987). Systematic errors in pigeons' memory for event durations: Interaction between training and test delay. Animal Learning & Behavior, 15, 1 5.
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Spetch, M.L. & Dunn, R. (1987). Choice between reliable and unreliable outcomes: Mixed percentage reinforcement in concurrent chains. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 47, 57 72.
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Spetch, M.L. & Edwards, C.A. (1986). Spatial memory in pigeons (Columba livia) in an open field feeding environment. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 100, 266 278.
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Spetch, M.L. & Treit, D. (1986). Does effort play a role in the effect of response requirements on delayed matching to sample? Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 45, 19 31.
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Treit, D., & Spetch, M.L. (1986). Caloric regulation in the rat: Control by two factors. Physiology & Behavior, 36, 311 317.
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Spetch, M.L. (1985). The effect of intertrial interval food presentations on pigeons' delayed matching to sample accuracy. Behavioural Processes, 11, 309 315.
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Spetch, M.L. & Treit, D. (1984). The effect of d amphetamine on short time memory for time in pigeons. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Behavior, 21, 663 666.
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Treit, D., Spetch, M.L. & Deutsch, J.A. (1984). Caloric regulation in the rat: Evidence for a calibration mechanism. Physiology & Behavior, 32, 883 886.
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Treit, D., Spetch, M.L. (1984). Effect of gastric reduction surgery on consummatory behavior in the rat. Behavioral Neuroscience, 98, 361 365.
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Treit, D., Spetch, M.L., & Deutsch, J.A. (1983). Variety in the flavor of food enhances eating in the rat. Physiology & Behavior, 30, 207 211.
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Spetch, M.L. & Wilkie, D.M. (1983). Subjective shortening: A model of pigeons' memory for event duration. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 9, 14 30.
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Spetch, M.L. & Wilkie, D.M. (1982). A systematic bias in pigeons' memory for food and light durations. Behaviour Analysis Letters, 2, 267 274.
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Treit, D., & Spetch, M.L. (1982). Advances toward a biological theory of aversive conditioning: Flirtation or commitment? (commentary) The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 5, 684 685.
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Wilkie, D.M. & Spetch, M.L. (1981). Pigeons' delayed matching to sample errors are not always due to forgetting. Behaviour Analysis Letters, 1, 317 323.
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Spetch, M.L., Wilkie, D.M., & Pinel, J.P.J. (1981). Backward conditioning: A reevaluation of the empirical evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 89, 163 175.
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Spetch, M.L. & Wilkie, D.M. (1981). Duration discrimination is better with food access as the signal than with light as the signal. Learning and Motivation, 12, 40 64.
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Spetch, M.L.,, Wilkie, D.M., & Skelton, R.W. (1981). Control of pigeons' keypecking topography by a schedule of alternating food and water reward. Animal Learning & Behavior, 9, 223 229.
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Wilkie, D.M., Spetch, M.L., & Leader, L.G. (1981). Control of pigeons' keypecking by the left right arrangement of stimuli. Animal Learning & Behavior, 9, 2 8.
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Wilkie, D.M., Summers, R.J., & Spetch, M.L. (1981). Effect of delay interval stimuli on delayed symbolic matching to sample in the pigeon. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 35, 153 160.
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Wilkie, D.M., Spetch, M.L., & Chew, L. (1981). The ring dove's short term memory capacity for spatial information. Animal Behaviour, 29, 639 641.
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Spetch, M.L., & Wilkie, D.M. (1980). A program that simulates random choice in radial arm mazes and similar choice situations. Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, 12, 377 378.
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Skelton, R.W., Spetch, M.L., & Wilkie, D.M. (1980). A method for automatically recording topographical differences in pigeons' keypecking for food and water reinforcers. Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, 12, 349 352.
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Wilkie, D.M. & Spetch, M.L. (1980). Control of pigeons' keypecking by a conditional clock. The Psychological Record, 30, 251 260.
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Wilkie, D.M. & Spetch, M.L. (1978). The effect of sample and comparison ratio schedules on delayed matching to sample in the pigeon. Animal Learning & Behavior, 6, 273 278.
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University of Alberta Department of Psychology BioCognition Unit