{"id":48,"date":"2018-08-29T12:06:21","date_gmt":"2018-08-29T18:06:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/cultpsy\/?page_id=48"},"modified":"2025-09-08T11:23:19","modified_gmt":"2025-09-08T17:23:19","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/cultpsy\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"48\" class=\"elementor elementor-48\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-87c2d07 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"87c2d07\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7dfa970\" data-id=\"7dfa970\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d410e5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d410e5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b89297a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b89297a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-945fd62\" data-id=\"945fd62\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ccb01a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ccb01a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In Collaboration with International Scholars, we are now conducting a variety of research projects as follows:<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8aad0b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8aad0b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b5e2b2a\" data-id=\"b5e2b2a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e74c5df elementor-tabs-view-vertical elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e74c5df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2421\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2421\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Mongolian Project<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2422\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2422\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Gerontology<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2423\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2423\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Culture and Emotion<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2424\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2424\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Culture and Aesthetics<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2425\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2425\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Soccer and Decision-Making<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2426\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2426\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Culture and Stress Coping<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2427\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2427\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Sports Cultural Psychology<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2428\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2428\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Game Project<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2421\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Mongolian Project<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2421\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2421\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<p><strong>Project 1: Mongolian Project<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>We are currently investigating the socio-cultural and ecological factors that shape the mentalities of contemporary Mongolians (e.g., Masuda et al., 2022). In collaboration with scholars at the National University of Mongolia, Nagoya University, and the University of Michigan, we have conducted preliminary studies to assess the perception patterns of contemporary Mongolian teenagers and young adults. Additionally, we are also interested in the concept of culture of honour as it pertains to Mongolian society, as Mongolia has a nomadic pastoral history.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:table --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Collaborators<\/td>\n<td>Affiliations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tsolmon Bayart-Od<\/td>\n<td>University of Alberta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Shinobu Kitayama<\/td>\n<td>University of Michigan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sainsanaa Khurelbaatar<\/td>\n<td>National University of Mongolia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dulamsuren Dashzeveg<\/td>\n<td>Nagoya University<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Keiko Ishii<\/td>\n<td>Nagoya University<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2422\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Gerontology<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2422\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2422\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><strong>Project 2: Gerontology<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">False memory effects can be found across different situations and cultures. The effects of false memory can vary, from simply forgetting the specific spelling of a TV show name to a person being wrongfully convicted of a crime. It has been found that false memory effects can increase with age, though this has not been examined cross-culturally. This study seeks to explore the effects of culture on false memory effects specifically related to aging. The study will take place in Canada, T\u00fcrkiye, and Japan, with two groups of participants in each country: the young and the old. We hope to provide greater insight into cultural differences on false memory effects and to fill a large research gap on the differences in aging across cultures.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2423\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Culture and Emotion<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2423\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2423\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><strong><span class=\"style10\">Project 3: Culture and Emotion<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Do cultural differences in patterns of attention influence the perception of emotional expression? When interpreting emotions of a target person, do East Asians take into consideration the apparent emotions or feelings of those individuals who surround the target person? And if so, do they do this to a greater degree than North Americans?<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>In a series of experiments, we use cartoon and real morphing pictures consisting of five children. We measured the extent to which the perception of a central figure&#8217;s emotion could be influenced by changes in the facial expressions of the background figures. Thus far, we have found that the interpretations of Japanese participants are more likely than their American counterparts to be influenced by contextual changes (Masuda, Leu, Ellsworth, Mesquita, Tanida &amp; Veerdonk, 2008; Masuda, Wang, Ishii, &amp; Ito, 2012). Now, we further extend this line of research by examining types of context which influence even North American&#8217;s emotion judgment (Ito, Masuda, &amp; Hioki, 2012; Ito &amp; Masuda, 2013). In addition, in collaboration with scholars at business schools, we investigate whether this cultural variations in emotion judgment is observable even in business settings (Masuda, Argo, Hioki, Ito, &amp; Senzaki, in preparation).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Another line of study attempts to answer the following question: If the intensity of facial expression differs across cultures, do these variations influence how people infer emotions from facial expressions? So far, we found that people in cultures where expression management is the norm evaluated the information appearing around the eyes, because emotional expression in that area is more difficult to control. In contrast, in cultures where overt emotional expression is the norm, people would evaluate the mouth area, which creates the most dynamic changes in facial expression (Yuki, Maddux, and Masuda, 2007; Masuda, Wang, Ito, Senzaki, Ishii, &amp; Yuki, in preparation).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:table --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Collaborators<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Affiliations<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Jennifer Argo, PhD <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">University of Alberta, Canada <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Ken-Ichi Ito, PhD <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Nanyang Technological University , Singapore <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Koichi Hioki <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Kobe University, Japan <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Keiko Ishii <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Kobe University, Japan <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Senzaki Sawa, PhD <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, USA <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Masaki Yuki, PhD <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Hokkaido University, Japan <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2424\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Culture and Aesthetics<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2424\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2424\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><strong><span class=\"style10\">Project 4: Culture and Aesthetics<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The creation of aesthetic expressions is considered to be a human universal. This project investigates the patterns of variation that emerge when comparing aesthetic expressions produced by different cultures. Previous research suggests that people\u2019s aesthetic styles are influenced by the dominant patterns of visual attention developed in their respective cultural worldviews (Masuda, Gonzalez, Kwan, &amp; Nisbett, 2008; Wang, Masuda, Ito, &amp; Rashid, 2012). In this line of study, we are investigating the developmental course of which culturally dominant aesthetic patterns emerge. So far, the data has indicated the concept of horizon is understood at around age 8 or 9 (Grade 3) and that East Asian children from grades 4 onwards locate the horizon progressively higher than their North American counterparts. The current study examines the cultural differences in aesthetic patterns found in landscape images produced by children living in geographically and ecologically similar regions of Canada, Japan, and Mongolia. To date, we have collected over 500 images from children in grades 1-12. We are currently in the process of collecting more data from Japanese and Mongolian students before starting the data analysis.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:table --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Collaborators<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Affiliations<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Kristina Nand <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">University of Alberta, Canada <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Senzaki Sawa, PhD <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, USA <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Satoshi Akutsu, PhD <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Hitotsubashi University, Japan <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Huaitang Wang, PhD <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Alberta Government, Canada <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2425\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Soccer and Decision-Making<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2425\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2425\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><span class=\"style10\"><strong>Project 5: Soccer and Decision-Making<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>From your school physical education class to FIFA, soccer has always had a global reach in varying populations and ages. Being a staple sport, people around the world tend to look for the best ways to maximize success in the game by looking for the best course of player action. Consequently, this often drives emphasis away to highlight why players behave in certain ways. What makes a soccer player prefer to shoot or pass the ball? This project investigates if Higgins\u2019 theories of promotion-oriented and prevention-oriented decision-making affects soccer players&#8217; behaviour on the field. We are examining individual variations in soccer game decisions, and whether they correlate to regulatory focus theory (Higgins 1997). We hope this research provides novel insight to coaches allowing them a deeper understanding of why their players act in specific ways during the game. Eventually, we hope to relate these new findings to the epistemological development of cultural worldviews, highlighting potential decision-making variations between cultures.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:table --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table style=\"height: 184px;\" width=\"375\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Collaborators<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Affiliations<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nick Nitafan<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">University of Alberta, Canada <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Brooklyn Chantry<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">University of Alberta, Canada<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Tim Nakatsu<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">University of Alberta, Canada<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Kaiyoshi Iglesias<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">University of Alberta, Canada<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2426\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Culture and Stress Coping<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2426\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2426\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis: 100%;\">\n<p><strong>Project 6: Culture and Stress Coping<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Whether it be a fastly approaching assignment deadline, or dealing with pressure from supervisors at work, stress is something that impacts people from all walks of life. However, the way in which people perceive stress or deal with it can differ across cultures. In the Culture and Cognition Lab, we investigate cultural variations in stress perception and coping strategies between East Asians and North Americans. We have demonstrated that European Canadians mainly use primary coping strategies that involve the individual directly influencing their own environment as opposed to secondary coping strategies where individuals try to adapt to fit their environment in order to lower stress levels. In contrast East Asian Canadians and Japanese participants showed a more balanced approach to dealing with stress through endorsing both primary and secondary coping strategies (Han et al., 2022). We expanded this line of stress coping research by\u00a0 investigating cultural differences in the ways European Canadians and East Asian Canadians cope with threats to their body image. European Canadians tend to endorse Appearance Fixing strategies, seen as a coping strategy involving primary control by actively changing the situation. In contrast, East Asian Canadians tend to endorse Positive Rational Acceptance which involves adapting to the existing situation by altering their mindset, as seen in secondary control. We maintain that this line of study has multiple implications for advancing emerging fields of clinical cultural psychology that deal with how stress coping strategies vary across cultures.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-regular\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Collaborators<\/td>\n<td>Affiliations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Leah Wojcik<\/td>\n<td>University of Alberta, Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Shaneen Jamal<\/td>\n<td>University of Alberta, Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nishat Nawsheen<\/td>\n<td>University of Alberta, Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pragya Varma<\/td>\n<td>University of Alberta, Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Madisyn Bundschuh<\/td>\n<td>University of Alberta, Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Liora Boruchovich<\/td>\n<td>University of Alberta, Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Satomi Shirakaki<\/td>\n<td>University of Alberta, Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2427\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Sports Cultural Psychology<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2427\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2427\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><strong>Project 7: Sports Cultural Psychology <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Sports in its paradigmatic form is a leisurely physical activity; nevertheless, it extends beyond this by connecting people from all corners of the world through competition. The question now becomes if there are cultural differences in the psychological processes in athletes? What about sport recreationalists? The purpose of this project is to explore this question by specifically addressing the potential cultural variations in motivation maintenance, decision making, skill mastering and visual perception during a game. We are interested in cultural differences in psychological processes (Yasuda, Masuda, et al. 2022). We examine if there are any variations as to the use of self-promotion vs self-prevention strategies in sports between North American cultures and East Asian cultures. This research will provide insightful outcomes for coaching youth from different cultural backgrounds, aid in maintaining mental health in professional sports and hopefully help all athletes enhance their overall performance.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-regular\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Collaborators<\/td>\n<td>Affiliations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Yuto Yasuda, Ph.D. Student<\/td>\n<td>University of Alberta, Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Muhammad Jamal<\/td>\n<td>University of Alberta, Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Safi Shirazi<\/td>\n<td>University of Alberta, Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Atharva Deshpande<\/td>\n<td>University of Alberta, Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Delaney Fisher<\/td>\n<td>University of Alberta, Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Brianna Mateuchev<\/td>\n<td>University of Alberta, Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Jayesh Vig<\/td>\n<td>University of Alberta, Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2428\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Game Project<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2428\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2428\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\"><b>Project 8: Game Project<\/b><\/p>\n<p>The Game Study examines how cultural and individual differences in promotion-oriented behavior, focusing on growth, rewards, and achievement, and prevention-oriented behavior, focusing on safety, security, and avoiding bad things from occurring, influence decision-making in video games. In exploring how these orientations influence players&#8217; strategy, risk-taking, and game-playing in general, the study suggests that these patterns of behavior may be generalizable to other types of decision-making beyond games. \u00a0By examining how players of different cultures approach challenges and decision-making within game contexts, the research is able to gain additional understanding of cultural influence over behavior and cognition. The findings can help expand our understanding of decision-making across different cultures.<\/p>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"left\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"left\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"left\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"left\">\n<table style=\"border: none; table-layout: fixed; width: 783px; height: 252px;\"><colgroup> <col \/> <col \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 0pt;\">\n<td style=\"border-width: 1pt; border-color: #000000; vertical-align: top; padding: 5pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #999999; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Collaborators<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: 1pt; border-color: #000000; vertical-align: top; padding: 5pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #999999; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Affiliations<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 0pt;\">\n<td style=\"border-width: 1pt; border-color: #000000; vertical-align: top; padding: 5pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #999999; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Karina Tamkee<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: 1pt; border-color: #000000; vertical-align: top; padding: 5pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #999999; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">University of Alberta, Canada<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 0pt;\">\n<td style=\"border-width: 1pt; border-color: #000000; vertical-align: top; padding: 5pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #999999; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Vernon Gaudet<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: 1pt; border-color: #000000; vertical-align: top; padding: 5pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #999999; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">University of Alberta, Canada<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 0pt;\">\n<td style=\"border-width: 1pt; border-color: #000000; vertical-align: top; padding: 5pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #999999; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Tamila Khoshkish<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: 1pt; border-color: #000000; vertical-align: top; padding: 5pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #999999; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">University of Alberta, Canada<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 0pt;\">\n<td style=\"border-width: 1pt; border-color: #000000; vertical-align: top; padding: 5pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #999999; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Daniel Eyestone<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: 1pt; border-color: #000000; vertical-align: top; padding: 5pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #999999; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">University of Alberta, Canada<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 0pt;\">\n<td style=\"border-width: 1pt; border-color: #000000; vertical-align: top; padding: 5pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #999999; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Rachel Kelly<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: 1pt; border-color: #000000; vertical-align: top; padding: 5pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #999999; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">University of Alberta, Canada<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 0pt;\">\n<td style=\"border-width: 1pt; border-color: #000000; vertical-align: top; padding: 5pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #999999; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Olivia Staub<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: 1pt; border-color: #000000; vertical-align: top; padding: 5pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #999999; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">University of Alberta, Canada<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-64372c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"64372c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f6b198\" data-id=\"6f6b198\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64eb92d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"64eb92d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><h2 data-elementor-setting-key=\"title\" data-pen-placeholder=\"Type Here...\">Previous Works<span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-primary );font-family: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-size: 2.5rem;font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align)\"><\/span><\/h2><\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-32f1a3c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"32f1a3c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-75338d0\" data-id=\"75338d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-facdb5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"facdb5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2621\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2621\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Culture and Relationship<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2621\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2621\"><p><strong><span class=\"style10\">Project 9: Culture and Relationship<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This project examines how cultures influence people\u2019s experience in different social relationships. In order to have a comprehensive understanding, we use different perspectives in our studies. First, we, with collaboration with Dr. Kenichi Ito, examined whether perceived norms of help seeking and perceived norms of help seeking in one\u2019s society affected expectations of closeness in friendships between East Asians and North Americans (Ito, Masuda, Komiya, &amp; Hioki, under review). Specifically, we found the perception of relational costs was primarily important East Asians whey they considered about help seeking. In addition, the perceived norm of seeking help was positively associated with expectation of closeness in friendships. We extend our research on friendship experience to enemyship experience from a socio-ecological perspective. We are currently conducting research to examine the potential influence of relational mobility on enemyship strategies among East Asians and North Americans (Li &amp; Masuda, in preparation).<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Collaborators<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Affiliations<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Liman Man Wai Li<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">University of Alberta, Canada<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Ken-Ichi Ito<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Nanyang Technological University, Singapore<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2622\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2622\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Culture and Child Development--The Child-Parent Project <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2622\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2622\"><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"style14\">Project 10: Culture and Child Development&#8211;The Child-Parent Project\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Developmental psychologists have advocated theoretical frameworks of socialization processes (Azuma, 1994; Greenfield &amp; Bruner, 1969; Rogoff, 1993, 2003; Vigotsky, 1930\/1978), and cultural psychologists are now starting to demonstrate in what ways culturally divergent patterns of attention are developed through socialization practices (Imada, Carlson, &amp; Itakura, 2013; Senzaki &amp; Masuda, under review; Senzaki, Masuda, Shimizu, Takada, &amp; Okada, 2013; Masuda, Shimizu, Senzaki, &amp; Takada, 2013). For example, Senzaki et al. (2013) investigated the development and transmission of culturally specific attentional patterns, while focusing on parent\u2013child socialization practices as the source of cultural differences in visual attention in Canada and Japan. The results indicated that when parents and children jointly engaged in the same visual attention task, cultural differences emerged, and this effect was especially strong in the case of 8-year-old and older children: Children showed cross-cultural differences in their attentional patterns, mirroring those of their parents (i.e., object-oriented in Canada and context-sensitive in Japan). This is indirect evidence of \u201cscaffolding processes\u201d (Wood, Bruner, &amp; Ross, 1976). With their parents\u2019 help, older children imitate the ways of attention held by mature members of the society. We further intend to investigate (1) when, and (2) how children internalize culturally unique attentional patterns. To answer these questions, we have assembled a research team in collaboration with three developmental psychologists both in Japan (Dr. Itakura, Dr. Shimizu) and in the US (Dr. Senzaki).<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Collaborators<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Affiliations<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Senzaki Sawa, PhD <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">University of Alberta, Canada <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Matt Russell <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">University of Alberta, Canada <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Kristina Nand <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">University of Alberta, Canada <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Yuki Shimizu, PhD <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Saitama University, Japan <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Shoji Itakura, PhD <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Kyoto University, Japan <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Akira Takada, PhD <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Kyoto University, Japan <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Yukiko Uchida, PhD <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Kyoto University, Japan <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Hiroyuki Okada, PhD <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Tamagawa University, Japan <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2623\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2623\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Culture and Attention<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2623\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2623\"><p><strong><span class=\"style10\">Project 11: Culture and Attention<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"style13\">We have investigated cultural variations in visual attention, and examined whether East Asians are more likely than North Americans to attend to context. In a variety of experiments, we have demonstrated that East Asians are more attentive than North Americans to contextual and relational information (Masuda &amp; Nisbett, 2001; 2006; Nisbett &amp; Masuda, 2003). We are continuing to investigate the underlying mechanisms of cultural variation in perception. For example, we have conducted eye-tracking studies in collaboration with Dr. Sawa Senzaki (University of Wisconsin, Green Bay), which support these differential patterns of attention (e.g. Senzaki, Masuda, &amp; Ishii, 2013). These results suggest that cultural variations in basic perceptual processes may be deeply rooted.Currently, we are investigating these differences under the frameworks of culture and neuroscience (e.g. Masuda, Russell, Chen, Hioki, &amp; Caplan, 2013)<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Collaborators<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Affiliations<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Matthew Russell<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">University of Alberta, Canada <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Jeremey Caplan<\/td>\n<td>University of Alberta, Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Keiko Ishii <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Kobe University, Japan <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Yvonne Chen<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">University <\/span>of Alberta, Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Koichi Hioki<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Kobe University, Japan<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2624\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2624\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Culture and Judgment<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2624\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2624\"><p><span class=\"style10\"><strong>Project 12: Culture and Judgment<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>his project extends our research on culture and perception to applied research. We obtained evidence that East Asians were more context-sensitive when they made attribution of others\u2019 behaviors relative to North Americans (Masuda &amp; Kitayama, 2004). Recently, we focus on how cultural variation on perception and attention may affect the judgment and decision-making processes. First, we found East Asians and North Americans used different strategy for information-searching process in decision making, in which East Asians searched both important and unimportant information (Li, Masuda, &amp; Russell, in preparation). Secondly, East Asians were more likely to allocate resources for all possible alternatives whereas North Americans primarily allocated resources to the most possible alternative (Li &amp; Masuda, in preparation). Finally, we found correlational and experimental evidence that showed cultural meaning system, dialecticism, affected indecisiveness among East Asians and North Americans (Li, Masuda, &amp; Russell, in preparation).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:table --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Collaborators<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Affiliations<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Liman Man Wai Li <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">University of Alberta, Canada <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Takashi Hamamura <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"style13\">Chinese University of Hong Kong, China <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research In Collaboration with International Scholars, we are now conducting a variety of research projects as follows: Mongolian Project Gerontology Culture and Emotion Culture and Aesthetics Soccer and Decision-Making Culture and Stress Coping Sports Cultural Psychology Game Project Mongolian Project Project 1: Mongolian Project We are currently investigating the socio-cultural and ecological factors that shape [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-48","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/cultpsy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/cultpsy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/cultpsy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/cultpsy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/cultpsy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48"}],"version-history":[{"count":46,"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/cultpsy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3039,"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/cultpsy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48\/revisions\/3039"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/cultpsy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}