{"id":519,"date":"2015-08-15T00:00:19","date_gmt":"2015-08-15T07:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/brainrhythmslab\/?p=519"},"modified":"2018-10-04T13:27:46","modified_gmt":"2018-10-04T20:27:46","slug":"optogenetic-excitation-of-prebotzinger-complex-neurons-potently-drives-inspiratory-activity-in-vivo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/brainrhythmslab\/optogenetic-excitation-of-prebotzinger-complex-neurons-potently-drives-inspiratory-activity-in-vivo\/","title":{"rendered":"Optogenetic excitation of preB\u00f6tzinger complex neurons potently drives inspiratory activity in vivo."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>PMID: <a href='https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26010654' title=''>26010654<\/a><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Alsahafi Z, Dickson CT, Pagliardini S<\/p>\n<p>J Physiol. 2015 Aug<\/p>\n<h2>Abstract<\/h2>\n<p><p>Understanding the sites and mechanisms underlying respiratory rhythmogenesis is of fundamental interest in the field of respiratory neurophysiology. Previous studies demonstrated the necessary and sufficient role of preB\u00f6tzinger complex (preB\u00f6tC) in generating inspiratory rhythms in vitro and in vivo. However, the influence of timed activation of the preB\u00f6tC network in vivo is as yet unknown given the experimental approaches previously used. By unilaterally infecting preB\u00f6tC neurons using an adeno-associated virus expressing channelrhodopsin we photo-activated the network in order to assess how excitation delivered in a spatially and temporally precise manner to the inspiratory oscillator influences ongoing breathing rhythms and related muscular activity in urethane-anaesthetized rats. We hypothesized that if an excitatory drive is necessary for rhythmogenesis and burst initiation, photo-activation of preB\u00f6tC not only will increase respiratory rate, but also entrain it over a wide range of frequencies with fast onset, and have little effect on ongoing respiratory rhythm if a stimulus is delivered during inspiration. Stimulation of preB\u00f6tC neurons consistently increased respiratory rate and entrained respiration up to fourfold baseline conditions. Furthermore, brief pulses of photostimulation delivered at random phases between inspiratory events robustly and consistently induced phase-independent (Type 0) respiratory reset and recruited inspiratory muscle activity at very short delays (\u223c100 ms). A 200 ms refractory period following inspiration was also identified. These data provide strong evidence for a fine control of inspiratory activity in the preB\u00f6tC and provide further evidence that the preB\u00f6tC network constitutes the fundamental oscillator of inspiratory rhythms.<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PMID: 26010654 Alsahafi Z, Dickson CT, Pagliardini S J Physiol. 2015 Aug Abstract Understanding the sites and mechanisms underlying respiratory rhythmogenesis is of fundamental interest in the field of respiratory neurophysiology. Previous studies demonstrated the necessary and sufficient role of preB\u00f6tzinger complex (preB\u00f6tC) in generating inspiratory rhythms in vitro and in vivo. However, the influence [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","post-preview"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/brainrhythmslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/519","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/brainrhythmslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/brainrhythmslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/brainrhythmslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/brainrhythmslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=519"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/brainrhythmslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/519\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":523,"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/brainrhythmslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/519\/revisions\/523"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/brainrhythmslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=519"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/brainrhythmslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=519"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.psych.ualberta.ca\/brainrhythmslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=519"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}